Marine Protected Area Networks: Assessing Whether the Whole Is Greater than the Sum of Its Parts
نویسندگان
چکیده
Anthropogenic impacts are increasingly affecting the world's oceans. Networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) provide an option for increasing the ecological and economic benefits often provided by single MPAs. It is vital to empirically assess the effects of MPA networks and to prioritize the monitoring data necessary to explain those effects. We summarize the types of MPA networks based on their intended management outcomes and illustrate a framework for evaluating whether a connectivity network is providing an outcome greater than the sum of individual MPA effects. We use an analysis of an MPA network in Hawai'i to compare networked MPAs to non-networked MPAs to demonstrate results consistent with a network effect. We assert that planning processes for MPA networks should identify their intended outcomes while also employing coupled field monitoring-simulation modeling approaches, a powerful way to prioritize the most relevant monitoring data for empirically assessing MPA network performance.
منابع مشابه
The Knowledge Translation Complexity Network (KTCN) Model: The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of the Parts - A Response to Recent Commentaries
متن کامل
The Magic Pudding; Comment on “Four Challenges That Global Health Networks Face”
This commentary reflects on the contribution of this editorial and its “Three Challenges That Global Health Networks Face” to the totality of the framework developed over the past decade by Shiffman and his collaborators. It reviews the earlier works to demonstrate that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts in providing a package of tools for analysis of network effectiveness. Additi...
متن کاملExploring the Fishing by Stake-nets inside the Qeshm Island's Marine Protected Area
High population pressure in coastal areas has led to loss in many mangrove areas. Although these areas are fish nursery grounds, but there are no accurate and up-to-date data available. In this research, the catch data in the Qeshm Island marine protected area (MPA) were investigated using 11 stake nets. Totally, 81 specimens belong to 60 genera and 63 families caught, which majority of them we...
متن کاملStepwise strategic environmental management in marine protected area
In recent decades, necessity to protect environment has been a serious concern for all people and international communities. In appropriate development of human economic activities, subsistence dependence of the growing world population on nature decreases the natural diversity of ecosystems and habitats day by day and provides additional constraints for life and survival of wildlife. As a resu...
متن کاملOil spill detection using in Sentinel-1 satellite images based on Deep learning concepts
Awareness of the marine area is very important for crisis management in the event of an accident. Oil spills are one of the main threats to the marine and coastal environments and seriously affect the marine ecosystem and cause political and environmental concerns because it seriously affects the fragile marine and coastal ecosystem. The rate of discharge of pollutants and its related effects o...
متن کامل